310Svs304/316L: A Showdown of Key Performance

At the crossroads of industrial material selection, 310S stainless steel, with its unique alloy formula, forms a sharp technological gap with 304 and 316L. This article reveals the underlying logic of material selection through three core indicators.
1. High-temperature performance arena
The maximum operating temperature of 310S/304/316L is 1150℃, 870℃, 800℃ and 900℃. The oxidation rate is 0.03mm/ year, 0.25mm/ year and 0.40mm/ year. Data source: ASTM G54 high-temperature oxidation test. The addition of chromium and nickel in 310S extends its service life by 3-5 times in the cracking furnace tube scenario.
2. Corrosion resistance matrix
Pitting resistance: 316L due to the addition of molybdenum (2-3%) in the presence of Cl? The environment is superior, with CPT reaching 60℃
Intergranular corrosion: The 310S ultra-low carbon design has passed the ASTM A262-E test without cracks
Stress corrosion: 304 at 50℃/40%MgCl? It cracks after 300 hours of use and can last for 2000 hours after 310S
3. Economic equation
Although the unit price of 310S is 2.5 times that of 304, it has a cost advantage in the following scenarios:
Heat exchanger: Strength is still met even when the wall thickness is reduced by 50%
Incinerator: Eliminating ceramic lining saves 30% of the cost
Maintenance cycle: Extended from 2 years to 6 years
Material selection decision tree: 310S is preferred when the temperature exceeds 800℃ or in a strong oxidizing environment. 316L is suitable for Marine chlorides; 304 is limited to conventional low-temperature scenarios.

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